A CNC lathe is a machine tool that performs cutting operations under computer control and consists of several major components. The following is the general composition of a CNC lathe:

1. Main body of machine tool: The main part of CNC lathe includes bed, bed beam, spindle box, etc. The bed provides an overall support structure, and the bed beam connects the bed and the spindle box, which includes the spindle and drive system.

2. CNC system: This is the core of the CNC lathe, including the computer and corresponding controller. The computer is responsible for processing the CNC program and controlling each motion axis of the lathe to ensure that the cutting operation is performed according to the predetermined trajectory and parameters. The controller translates the instructions output by the computer into electrical signals and drives the servo motor to realize the movement of each axis.

3. Servo system: The servo system includes servo motor, encoder and feedback system. The servo motor controls the movement of the axis through electrical signals, and the encoder is used to feedback actual position information to ensure the accuracy and stability of the system.

4. Tool system: including tool holder, tool handle and tool. The tool system is responsible for the cutting operation, and the selection and installation of the tools affect the machining effect. The selection of tools is usually specified by the CNC program.

5. Workbench: The workbench is a support platform for the workpiece and can be moved in different directions to facilitate cutting operations. The movement of the workbench is controlled by a CNC system.

6. Cooling system: Used to cool the cutting area to prevent the tool and workpiece from overheating. The cooling system usually includes a coolant supply device and a spray device.

7. Lubrication system: Used to lubricate various parts of the machine tool to ensure the smooth operation of the moving parts and extend the service life of the machine tool.

8. Operation station: The operation station is usually equipped with a control panel and display screen, where the operator can enter CNC programs, monitor the machining process, and make necessary adjustments.

9. Safety system: Including emergency stop buttons, protective covers, etc., used to ensure the safety of operators and machine tools.

These components work together to enable CNC lathes to complete a variety of machining tasks efficiently and accurately. The application of CNC technology improves production efficiency, reduces human errors, and makes processing more flexible and automated. If you have detailed questions about a specific CNC lathe model or brand, you can provide more information and I will try to help.