Commonly used CNC lathes usually consist of the following main components and configurations:

1. Lathe bed (bed frame): It is the main structure of a CNC lathe, usually made of cast iron or welded, and has sufficient rigidity and stability to support other components.

2. Spindle and spindle drive system: The spindle is the core component of a CNC lathe and is responsible for rotating cutting tools for processing. The spindle drive system usually consists of a motor, a gearbox and a transmission device, providing different speeds and torques to adapt to different processing needs.

3. Workbench (workbench): A platform used to hold CNC lathe workpieces and process them. The workbench usually has various clamping devices, such as chucks, clamps, etc., to fix and clamp the workpiece.

4. Feed system: CNC lathe controls the movement of the tool relative to the workpiece during machining. The feed system usually consists of servo motors, ball screws, linear guides, etc., which can achieve high-precision feed motion.

5. Turret (tool holder): The component used by CNC lathes to install and support cutting tools. The turret usually has multiple tool positions that can be installed with different types and specifications of tools to adapt to different processing needs.

6. CNC system: A system that controls and manages each component of a CNC lathe. CNC systems usually consist of CNC controllers, programming units, motion control systems, etc., which can realize automatic control and execution of processing programs.

7. Cooling system: A system used by CNC lathes to cool and lubricate the cutting area. The cooling system usually includes coolant tanks, cooling pumps, nozzles and other components, which can effectively reduce the processing temperature and clean the chips.

8. Clamping device: A device used to fix and clamp CNC lathe workpieces, such as chucks, clamps, etc., to ensure the stability and safety of the workpiece during processing.

9. Safety protection devices: Including CNC lathe protective covers, safety doors, emergency stop buttons, etc., used to protect the safety of operators and prevent accidents.

These are the common main components and configurations of CNC lathes. Different models and brands of CNC lathes may have some differences or additional configurations.