The accuracy of a vertical CNC lathe is affected by many factors, including:

1. Machine tool structure: The structural design of a vertical CNC lathe directly affects its rigidity and stability, which in turn affects the machining accuracy. For example, the design and manufacturing quality of components such as bed, beam, and spindle box.

2. Guide rails and guide rail sliders: The accuracy and wear of the guide rails and guide rail sliders will affect the positioning accuracy and motion stability of the machine tool.

3. Spindle accuracy: The machining accuracy and assembly quality of the vertical CNC lathe spindle directly affect the axial and radial accuracy of processing.

4. Servo system: The accuracy and response speed of the vertical CNC lathe servo system have an important impact on the positioning accuracy and dynamic performance of the machine tool.

5. Tools and fixtures: The quality and installation method of vertical CNC lathe tools and fixtures will affect the stability and accuracy of processing.

6. CNC system: The accuracy and stability of the CNC system of the vertical CNC lathe directly determine the execution accuracy and stability of the processing program.

7. Environmental factors: Factors such as ambient temperature, humidity and vibration of the vertical CNC lathe will have a certain impact on the accuracy of the machine tool, especially when high-precision machining requires special attention.

8. Operating technology: The technical level and operating specifications of vertical CNC lathe operators will also affect the processing accuracy of the machine tool. For example, programming errors, improper operation, etc. may lead to processing errors.

9. Maintenance: Regular maintenance of vertical CNC lathes can maintain the good condition of the machine tool, extend the service life of the machine tool, and also maintain the processing accuracy of the machine tool.

Comprehensive consideration of the above factors and effective management and control can ensure that the machining accuracy of the vertical CNC lathe reaches the expected level.