Precision CNC lathes usually consist of the following main components:

1. Lathe bed (bed frame): The lathe bed is the main structure of the CNC lathe, which carries and supports the various parts and components of the entire machine tool. Its structure is usually made of cast iron or steel materials and has sufficient rigidity and stability to ensure accuracy and stability during processing.

2. Spindle box: The CNC lathe spindle box includes the spindle, spindle bearings, spindle drive device and other components, and is one of the core components of the CNC lathe. The spindle is responsible for driving the tool to rotate, and various machining operations can be achieved through different tool clamping methods and spindle driving methods.

3. Ram (beam): The CNC lathe ram is a moving beam structure on the bed. It is installed on the guide rail of the bed and supports and moves various components on the beam, such as the spindle box, tool rest, etc. on the beam. The movement mode of the ram is usually to slide along the longitudinal guide rail of the lathe to achieve the feeding and cutting movement of the workpiece.

4. Workbench (workbench): The CNC lathe workbench is a platform on which workpieces are placed. It is usually located above the bed or above the ram. It is used to fix and clamp the workpiece, and is provided for cutting tools to perform machining operations. Workbenches usually have adjustable workpiece holding devices to accommodate workpiece processing needs of different sizes and shapes.

5. CNC system: The CNC system is the core control component of the CNC lathe. It is responsible for accurately controlling each motion axis of the lathe and realizing the processing operation of the workpiece. The CNC system includes CNC controllers, servo drive systems, programming devices and other components. It has the characteristics of flexible programming and high movement accuracy.

6. Tool rest (turret): The CNC lathe tool rest is a component for installing cutting tools. It is usually installed on the ram and can be moved along the cross beam or longitudinal guide rail to adjust the position and angle of the cutting tool. The tool holder usually has multiple tool positions, which can install cutting tools of different types and specifications to achieve cutting operations with different processing requirements.

7. Coolant system: The CNC lathe coolant system is used to cool and lubricate the cutting area during the machining process to reduce the machining temperature, extend the tool life, and eliminate chips generated during the cutting process. The coolant system usually includes cooling pumps, coolant storage tanks, cooling pipelines and other components.

8. Lubrication system: The CNC lathe lubrication system is used to lubricate various moving parts of the machine tool, reduce friction and wear, and ensure the smooth and precise movement of the machine tool. CNC lathe lubrication system usually includes lubrication pump, lubrication oil tank, lubrication pipeline and other components.

The above is the general structure of a precision CNC lathe. The specific model and brand of CNC lathe may differ in structure and function.