CNC machine tools are one of the important equipments in modern machinery manufacturing industry. It has the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and high automation, and is widely used in military, aerospace, automobile, electronics, petroleum and other industries. So what are the core components of CNC machine tools? This article will introduce you to the core components of CNC machine tools and their functions.
The core components of CNC machine tools mainly include CNC systems, servo systems, transmission systems and structural parts. First of all, the CNC system is the brain of the CNC machine tool, used to control the movement and machining process of the machine tool. The system can automatically generate a processing program according to the processing requirements, and command the servo system and transmission system to control the machine tool motion according to this program, ultimately achieving precise processing. The CNC system has the characteristics of strong processing power, flexible program management, and friendly human-machine interface.
Secondly, the servo system is an important driving component of CNC machine tools. It is used to control the movement of each axis of the machine tool to ensure high-precision movement and processing of the machine tool. The servo system consists of a motor, a measurement system, and a controller. During the machining process, the computer sends movement instructions to the controller, which are then converted into motor speed control signals after calculation, thereby controlling the precise movement of the workpiece, tool, etc. in each axis of the machine tool to complete the fine processing of the workpiece.
In addition, the transmission system is also one of the key components of CNC machine tools. It transmits the movement instructions issued by the servo system and controls the movement of each axis of the machine tool to achieve precision machining. The main components of the transmission system include ball screws, ball bolt pairs and spiral bevel gears. These components are combined through various mechanisms to distribute the movement speed of each axis to achieve positioning and motion control.
Finally, structural parts are the support and guarantee components of CNC machine tools, and are also an important condition for achieving high-precision machining of machine tools. Structural parts mainly include bed, guide rails, workbench, etc. Their quality and accuracy directly affect the processing accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Therefore, during the manufacturing process, it is necessary to process and inspect strictly according to the design requirements to ensure its quality.
To sum up, the core components of CNC machine tools include CNC systems, servo systems, transmission systems and structural parts. These components cooperate with each other to form the high-precision, high-speed, and high-automation characteristics of CNC machine tools, providing strong support for high-quality production in modern industry.