The structure of a single-column vertical lathe is mainly composed of key parts such as a bed, a worktable, a spindle, a guide rail, a feed mechanism, and a tool holder. Together, these components ensure the rigidity and strength of the single-column vertical lathe, meeting the needs for stable and precise machining. Specifically:

1. Lathe bed: It is the foundation of the lathe. It is usually made of cast iron and has good stability and shock resistance. The single-column vertical lathe bed is divided into four parts: machine plate, rear bed beam, front bed beam and machine tool base, forming an overall structure.

2. Spindle: It is the power transmission component of a single-column vertical lathe and the core of the lathe. It drives the tool to perform rotational cutting.

3. Tool holder: It is a component of a single-column vertical lathe that holds tools. It can move left and right, up and down, or forward and backward to adapt to the processing needs of different workpieces.

The characteristics of single-column vertical lathes are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Wide range of processing: Single-column vertical lathes are suitable for the operation of large and heavy materials, and are especially good at processing large and heavy workpieces with large diameters and short lengths and workpieces that are difficult to clamp on horizontal lathes.

2. High stability: Due to the use of high-strength cast iron base and columns, the single-column vertical lathe has good stability and shock resistance, ensuring that the workpiece is always in a stable state during processing.

3. Gravity advantage: During the entire operation of the single-column vertical lathe, the workpiece is always affected by gravity, which keeps the workpiece stable and improves the machining accuracy.

4. Efficiency and convenience: The single-column vertical lathe workbench is on a horizontal plane, making it easy to install and adjust workpieces, improving work efficiency. At the same time, the main gearbox of the single-column vertical lathe adopts hydraulic transmission, and the worktable speed is selected by a manual rotary valve and realized by electro-hydraulic control, making the operation more convenient.

In addition, the single-column vertical lathe also has some special functions, such as the vertical tool rest is equipped with a pressure maintaining device, the main gearbox and worktable spindle support and transmission automatic lubrication, and the feed mechanism has a safety device, etc., which further improve the machine tool. reliability and processing accuracy.

In general, single-column vertical lathes, with their unique structures and characteristics, have extensive application value in the field of processing large and heavy workpieces. However, during use, you also need to pay attention to the maintenance and upkeep of the machine tool to extend its service life and maintain good working condition.